Internal Medicine

What is internal medicine?

Internal medicine is the specialization in the medical care of adults. Internists can either provide primary care services or they can subspecialize in specific forms of medicine such as oncology, cardiology, endocrinology, or others. A good metaphor to describe internal medicine is that it is like pediatrics or geriatrics only for adults.

What conditions does internal medicine cover?

Internists can treat most medical conditions and needs present in adults. They also work closely with medical colleagues with subspecialties when necessary. Some of the conditions commonly cared for at Belt Line Medical Center include:

Arthritis

Arthritis is a painful condition characterized by inflammation of the joints, resulting in swelling, pain and stiffness. Depending on the results of the tests, a thorough treatment plan will be developed to relieve the patient’s symptoms. A number of short and long-term treatments may be prescribed in relation to the type of arthritis the patient might have. The doctor may begin with a conservative approach suggesting the application of hot and cold compresses and the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Heart disease

Heart disease, which is often called cardiovascular disease, is the name for a group of conditions affecting the heart, blood vessels, and arteries. Once heart disease is diagnosed, treatment will be critical. The goals of treatment will be to stabilize the condition, control symptoms, and provide a cure when possible. The doctor will strongly advise lifestyle changes to reduce risk of complications or for the heart disease to get worse. Doctors may also recommend medications and surgery if necessary

Anemia

Anemia is when a person has lower than normal levels of iron in the blood. This is more common in women and often results in fatigue, dizziness, and low blood pressure. It is often treated with dietary changes and an iron supplement. Some patients benefit from B12 supplements to help boost energy levels.

Congestive Heart Failure

Congestive heart failure, or CHF, occurs when the heart muscle becomes weak or damaged, and its ability to pump blood is compromised. Several factors can cause or contribute to CHF, including untreated chronic diseases or conditions like high blood pressure or coronary artery disease (CAD). The first step in treating CHF is to have a complete evaluation of the heart to evaluate both its structure and its functional ability. Once the causes and contributing factors have been identified, treatment typically involves different medications to manage symptoms and avoid serious consequences like a heart attack.

COPD

COPD, also called Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, is a lung condition where less air flows in and out of the lungs, which makes it progressively harder to breathe. This can be caused by a number of conditions including: a loss of elasticity in the airways and air sacs of the lungs; when the walls between the air sacs are destroyed or thicken due to inflammation; or when the airways become clogged with thick mucus. There is no cure for COPD but it can be managed and treated especially if it is caught with an early diagnosis. COPD is progressive, and treatment will only slow the development of the disease. Avoiding smoking and staying out of contact of allergens will help with relief. Following prescribed medications, such as Bronchodilators, will also help.

What should I expect during an appointment with an internist?

An appointment with an internist will depend on what your medical needs include. You may attend for an annual wellness exam or you may have an appointment for a specific concern. The physician will perform a physical exam and may order blood testing, either as a routine check or to look for something specific to aid in diagnosis. Some of the screening tests commonly ordered include:

• Blood pressure and body mass index
• Annual skin cancer exams
• Colorectal cancer screenings
• Thyroid function tests
• Cholesterol levels
• Complete blood count

For men tests specific tests are:

• At age 45 to 50, a testicular exam performed at the yearly physical exam
• Depending on risk factors, prostate cancer screenings begin at age 45 to 50

For women specific screenings also include:

• Yearly breast exams starting at age 19
• Pap smear performed every three years beginning at age 21
• HPV tests should be conducted every five years beginning at age 30
• Mammograms should be done every two years beginning at age 50